當(dāng)前位置:
當(dāng)前世界各國城市發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)（空間擴(kuò)張）規(guī)模化、（資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)活動）聚集化、以及（人口）高密度化的特征，城市道路作為物質(zhì)、信息交換的載體在城市運(yùn)營過程中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的保障作用。然而，隨著路網(wǎng)密度的不斷加大，城市道路運(yùn)營過程對周邊環(huán)境、資源與生物的影響日益加劇。主要表現(xiàn)在：機(jī)動車運(yùn)行噪聲影響沿線居民生活質(zhì)量，形成噪聲污染；道路本身高吸熱效應(yīng)加劇了城市熱島效應(yīng)，造成熱污染；機(jī)動車尾氣排放造成路域空氣污染等。如何消減上述污染，降低后續(xù)處置增加的碳排放，提高資源利用效率，是當(dāng)今城市化可持續(xù)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中迫切解決的難題。
錢國平教授帶領(lǐng)團(tuán)隊(duì)金嬌、于華南、龔湘兵、蔡軍、周洪宇、馬躍潭、徐鵬、李希、趙為天、吳佳東等老師，聯(lián)合交通運(yùn)輸部科學(xué)研究院等多家單位，基于可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念，結(jié)合交通發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)共性需求，開展城市道路聲-熱-氣環(huán)境改善技術(shù)及應(yīng)用示范研究。
團(tuán)隊(duì)深入貫徹落實(shí)“交通強(qiáng)國”、“一帶一路”等國家戰(zhàn)略以及新發(fā)展理念，經(jīng)過20多年的攻關(guān)，取得了豐碩的成果，顯著推進(jìn)了行業(yè)科技進(jìn)步，并為路域環(huán)境保護(hù)提供中國范式。
Advanced Technologies and Demenstration for Improving Urban Road Noise-Heat-Air Environment
The spatial expansion, resources agglomeration and economy activities, as well as high population density are the main characteristics for urban development. As carriers of material and information exchange, urban roads play an increasingly important role in urban operations. However, with the increasing mileage and road network density, the environmental, resource, and ecological impacts of road construction and operation are escalating. The main manifestations are: the vehicle noise affects the life qualities of residents along roadways, resulting in noise pollution, the road absorbs the sunlight and exaggerates the urban heat island effect, leading to heat radiation, while vehicle emission causes air pollution in road area. Hence, solving the above pollution, reducing increased carbon emissions from subsequent disposal, and increasing resource utilization efficiency are urgent challenges in global sustainable development.
In order to integrate the common needs of transportation development and environmental protection, the project team has conducted research on the low-carbon design and application technology of functional pavement materials since 2008 with funding of major scientific research projects and key engineering projects.
(1) Investigated the sound propagation and energy dissipation mechanisms of tire-road interactions under the coupling effects of multiple environmental media and developed a broadband sound absorption and targeted energy dissipation technology for comprehensive roadside noise reduction, resulting in integrated mitigation strategies for different noise control requirements. (2) Developed a heat-insulating and cooling functional layer for asphalt road surfaces and its combined design methods, revealing the composite system/interface properties, energy transfer and conversion mechanisms of asphalt mixtures; and invented a temperature-adjusting functional road surface design method and effect detection technology, which effectively alleviated thermal effects of the road surface temperature field and achieved comprehensive temperature control of road surfaces. (3) Established a comprehensive treatment technology for vehicle emission by using adsorption-degradation coordination and solved multi-source pollution problems for road near-surface, achieving the efficient and comprehensive treatment for emissions under complex urban road application scenarios.
The results of the project have been successfully applied in more than 30 highways and urban road projects in ecological environment restoration areas and environmental protection areas in many countries, providing a typical paradigm for the development of green and low-carbon highways around the world. The project has authorized 56 invention patents, 20utility model patents, 13 software copyrights and edited 10 various standards .
The research result of this project significantly improved the road environment along the route, extended the service life of the highway, significantly reduced carbon emissions, realized efficient use of resources, providing theoretical and technological support for international green and sustainable development.
Figure 1 Low Noise Pavement
Figure 2 Cooling Pavement
Figure 3 Green Functional Pavement
